![]() Adjusting for covariates (age, race, socioeconomic status, and primary caregiver IQ), children with 5–10 μg/dL had 5.0 (S.D. Data were analyzed from 534 children aged 6–10, enrolled in the New England Children's Amalgam Trial (NECAT) from the urban area of Boston, Massachusetts and rural Farmington, Maine. Our study evaluated the associations between blood lead levels <10 μg/dL and a broad spectrum of children's cognitive abilities. ![]() Given that the majority of US children have levels below 10 μg/dL, clarification of adverse effects below this cutoff value is needed. With further development, this approach has the potential to study larger cohorts and appraise environments where the levels of exposure to Pb are much higher.Ĭlear adverse effects of blood lead levels ≥10 μg/dL have been documented in children. Our pilot study confirms that laser ablation Pb isotope analysis of deciduous teeth, when carried out in conjunction with histological analysis, permits a reconstruction of the timing, duration and source of exposure to Pb during early childhood. Short duration, high intensity exposure events (1–2 months) were readily identified, together with evidence that dentine provides a good proxy for childhood changes in the isotope composition of blood Pb. Those born in 2000, after the withdrawal of leaded petrol in 1999, have the lowest dentine Pb levels (0.4 µgPb/g) with 208Pb/206Pb (mean ☒σ: 2.145–2.117) 208Pb/206Pb (mean ☒σ: 0.898–0.882) ratios that can be modelled as a binary mix between industrial aerosols and leaded petrol emissions. Significant differences were observed in the isotope composition and concentration of Pb between children, reflecting differences in the timing and sources of exposure during early childhood. By integrating the isotope data with histological analysis of the teeth, using the daily incremental lines in dentine, we were able to assign true estimated ages to each ablation point (first 2–3 years for molars, first 1–2 years for incisors+pre-natal growth). Teeth samples (n=10) were selected from two cohorts of children, aged 5–8 years, living in NE England. Isotope measurements (total Pb and 208Pb/206Pb, 207Pb/206Pb ratios) were acquired by laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry at contiguous 100 micron intervals across thin sections of the teeth from the outer enamel surface to the pulp cavity. ![]() Data provided on student membership and staffing are from the official school level data for 2021-2022.We report progress in using the isotopic composition and concentration of Pb in the dentine and enamel of deciduous teeth to provide a high resolution time frame of exposure to Pb during fetal development and early childhood.The directory information on school name, address, and phone number are preliminary data from initial submissions of school level data for 2022-2023.indicates that the data do not meet NCES data quality standards.For example, the enrollment and staff characteristics for schools that opened in the 2022-2023 school year will not be available until the full 2022-2023 file is released. indicates that the data are not applicable.* denotes a column with data from 2021-2022.Please see this blog post for more information regarding free or reduced-price lunch and direct certification eligibility counts in CCD. The unduplicated number of students who are eligible for the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) through direct certification (e.g., children that are in households that receive Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (SNAP) or other assistance).The unduplicated number of students who are eligible to participate in the Free Lunch and Reduced-Price Lunch Programs under the National School Lunch Act of 1946. ![]() Modify Search Data Notes/Grant IDs HelpĮnrollment Characteristics (2021-2022 school year)įree lunch eligible by Direct Certification 2: – NOTE: The inclusion or exclusion of a school in this locator does NOT constitute an endorsement of the school and should NOT be used in any way to infer the accreditation status of the school. ![]()
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